A sharp-eyed reader noticed that there had been a culling of words concerning nature. I am wary of the dangers of fetishising dialect and archaism all that mollocking and sukebinding Stella Gibbons spoofed so brilliantly in Cold Comfort Farm (1932). "There are experiences of landscape that will always resist articulation, and of which words offer only a distant echo. quite often requested from people in the US, Canada and Australia who have a Any views expressed do not necessarily reflect the views on this website. Many of the glossary words are, like ungive, memorably vivid. A hill can also be garbh (rough), eagach (notched), gaoth (windy), sneachd (snowy), coinnich (mossy) or corrach (steep). The uTalk Learn Any Language app features Scots and Scottish English as well as Scottish Gaelic. They function as topograms tiny landscape poems, folded up inside verbs and nouns. and branches, says Iona Macritchie. a really good way for people to connect with Scotland or their Scottish Autumn is the rutting season for red deer and their eerie roars can be heard across hills, mountains and in glens. Iona explains: Knowing Bad nature, droch ndor [drx ndr]. Bobull . Hi, Liz! It means that by starting something well, it makes completing the task easier. Its a lexicon we need to cherish in an age when a junior dictionary finds room for broadband but has no place for bluebell. 99% speak a variety of English (also known as Scottish English). I have long been fascinated by the relations of language and landscape by the power of strong style and single words to shape our senses of place, he writes. Avalanche: We have adopted the French word for avalanche, yet there is a native Gaelic word for the same phenomenon: Maoim-sneachda, meaninggushing forth of snow. And in their place came the new kids on the block, words like blog, broadband, bullet-point, celebrity, chatroom, committee, cut-and-paste, MP3 player, and voice-mail. A dialect name for the kestrel alongside such felicities as windhover and bell-hawk is wind-fucker. Many people in Scotlands Lowlands and Fiona Outdoors receives free products for reviews from brands and companies, but I only accept products on condition of independence. Lochnagar: The Aberdeenshire mountains gets its name from Lochan na Gire, or the lochan where the wind makes a noise, near the summit. number of names for different types of hills according to their size, shape and Usefully, people who already speak Scots, Scottish Gaelic or Scottish English can also learn any of 100 new languages (e.g. Below Ive listed some famous Scottish Gaelic proverbs and sayings that have been translated into English. If you ever visit the Scottish Isles, particularly the Isle of Skye, Uist, Harris, or Oban, be sure to try out some of these phrases! Theres even a Though the language has declined in use in the mainland in the past several hundred years, it has survived in the islands and efforts are being made to preserve it. Dictionary is aname derived from its bearers father or ancestor. Ive scribbled these words in the backs of notebooks, or jotted them down on scraps of paper. Answer: Its am bu mhath leat peant de lager?. Bidh feadhainn a tha ag ionnsachadh na Gidhlig gu tric a gabhail iongnadh gu bheil an aon fhacal againn airsonsouthagusright. Hi, Luke! into Scottish Gaelic? A is for Ailm (Elm), B is for Beith (birch) and C is for Coll I mark these as such. says. Cleachd am faclair Gidhlig air-loidhne againn gus faclan, abairtean agus gnthasan-cainnte a lorg. (See full affiliate disclosure.). patronymic came about because he loves being out in the hills and his friends More Scots Gaelic words for natural. Iona, whose family hail from even what grows or doesnt grow on them! Iona says. Why not call or email to find out what I could do to improve your business? Lorne Gill/SNH. Irish or Gaeilge may not be used on a daily basis by most of Ireland's population, but as the language with Western Europe's oldest vernacular literature, its importance is obvious. The beauty of this variant surely has to do with the paradox of thaw figured as restraint or retention, and the wintry notion that cold, frost and snow might themselves be a form of gift an addition to the landscape that will in time be subtracted by warmth. Serenbe: A Down-On-The-Farm Antidote to Suburban Sprawl, 'The Lost Words' Restores Nature to Children's Vocabulary, 7 Books To Kick-Start Your Eco-Friendly Lifestyle, Book Review: 'Living the 1.5 Degree Lifestyle', Book Review: 'How the World Really Works' by Vaclav Smil Gets a Mixed Reception, Book Review: 'Bigger Than Tiny, Smaller Than Average' Spotlights the Merits of Modestly Sized Houses, Review: 'Things You Can Do' Is a Personal Guide to Tackling the Climate Crisis, 'There Are No Accidents' Is a Groundbreaking New Book That Will Change How You Look at the World, 30 Sustainability Podcasts Worth a Listen, The Best Nature Books, According to Treehugger Staff, 12 Horror Films That Reveal Mother Nature's Evil Side, 8 Artists Transforming Abandoned Dolls Into Surreal Art. Cleachd am faclair Gidhlig air-loidhne againn gus faclan, abairtean agus gnthasan-cainnte a lorg. teacher Iona Macritchie explains: Lots Picture: TSPL From the lone shieling of the misty island Mountains divide us, and the waste of seas Yet still the blood is strong,. I became fascinated by those scalpel-sharp words that are untranslatable without remainder. If I was in my fathers part In a sentence: "Wee, sleekit, cow'rin, tim'rous beastie." In English: "Small, sly, cowering, fearful animal." Oops, we couldn't find that track. Endangered Languages Project and endangered by UNESCO. While hills which look like a stooped person can also be called a bodach (an old man) or challeach (an old woman). So Landmarks began with the Peat Glossary, and it ended with Abdals world-spanning magnum opus. a former Gaelic teacher, Iona often gets approached by individuals for help Forest like many wood-words is complicatedly tangled up in political histories of access and landownership. nature verb noun grammar (obsolete) To endow with natural qualities. Photo: The Wild Thornberrys Movie 2002 (Klasky Csupo/. Baker is one such writer, Robinson another, Nan Shepherd a third. (slan-juh) - Cheers! Its really exciting that we (said while enjoying a whisky) Madainn mhath (mateen va) - Good morning Chan eil (chan yayl) - No Tha (ha) - Yes Salinte mhath! In fact, up until the middle of 2 Videos. Of the thousands of wonderful words included in the book, here are some that warranted mention in Macfarlanes essay. We lack a Terra Britannica, as it were: a gathering of terms for the land and its weathers, he wrote in a beautiful essay in The Guardian, terms used by crofters, fishermen, farmers, sailors, scientists, miners, climbers, soldiers, shepherds, poets, walkers and unrecorded others for whom particularised ways of describing place have been vital to everyday practice and perception.. They are advertorial, although I still monitor the content to ensure it is of a good standard. Penguin Books. Credit: Lorne Gill/SNH. Lorne Gill/SNH, Iona: The shortest place name in the world is the one-letter Gaelic for Iona . Faodaidh tu coimhead air na faclan a rir na h-aibidil ma thaghas tu bhon bhogsa sa mheadhan cuideachd. When I see a moon-bow or a sundog, I usually just say Wow! or Hey! Sometimes on a mountain, I look out across scree and corrie, srn and lairig and say nothing at all. Lorne Gill. This saying is similar to the English version still waters run deep. When I mentioned to my young son that there was no word for the shining hump of water that rises above a submerged boulder in a stream, he suggested currentbum. But perhaps the best Scottish Gaelic turn of phrase we Artist Amanda Thomson curates and preserves for posterity those wonderful words of the Scots language relating to the world around us. If the weather is glbeil, it is 'sleety and showery with hail now and then' - and beware of a pavement that is glb-shleamhainn 'slippery with sleet'. It would be an impossible book, MacCaig concluded: A volume thick as the height of the Clisham. the 20th century, Gaelic speakers attending school education only spoke Gaelic Linda Crampton from British Columbia, Canada on July 17, 2019: Thank you very much for sharing the phrases. positive signs the Gaelic medium schools are all really popular and well We even have a Gaelic should learn is the uplifting answer to the question how are you?. I have been making many sketches and regret that I cannot draw every needle.. Aye isn't just for pirates. Gidhlig. The work had become, he told me, so complex in its structures and so infinitely extendable in its concerns that he did not envisage completing it, only bringing it to a point of abandonment that might also be a point of publication. them to be mutually comprehensible. 2019/01/15. 57000 people in Scotland can still speak the language. The Celtic deities are known from a variety of sources such as written Celtic mythology, ancient places of worship, statues, engravings, religious objects, as well as place and personal names.. Celtic deities can belong to two categories: general and local. Ive often been reminded of Douglas Adams and John Lloyds genius catalogue of nonce words, The Meaning of Liff (1983), in which British place names are used as nouns for the hundreds of common experiences, feelings, situations and even objects which we all know and recognise, but for which no words exist. Gaelic itself is slowly withering: the number of native speakers in the Scottish Gidhealtachd is now around 58,000. This old-fashioned name is making a comeback in modern times, ranked #34 in Scotland in 2017 and #38 in Ireland in 2020. It is also possible to take Gaelic at secondary school level Inspired by the culling and in combination with a lifetime of collecting terms about place, Macfarlane set out to counter the trend by creating a glossary of his own. 6 Forum. For all of these writers, to use language well is to use it particularly: precision of utterance as both a form of lyricism and a species of attention. Gaelic is also much easier to learn than English because Sleekit is one of the best-known Scots words, thanks to our National Bard Robert Burns using it to describe a field mouse. Scots Gaelic Translation. Bog: There are more than 40 different words in Gaelic for bog. On Exmoor, zwer is the onomatopoeic term for the sound made by a covey of partridges taking flight. founding language of Scotland and is thought to have been introduced by Maybe you are a graduate? Check out the video below which features a range of famous Scottish Gaelic quotes and well-known Scottish Gaelic sayings & proverbs. Especially as Gaelic isn't pronounced anything we'd expect! Below Ive listed famous Scottish Gaelic quotes, inspiring Scottish Gaelic sayings and common Scottish Gaelic proverbs. spare time. Sentences. Antonyms. Scottish Gaelic is considered the Meaning: To be very, very drunk. Phrase: mar sin leibhPronunciation: mar shun leev, Phrase: feumaidh mi falbhPronunciation: feymi mi falav. Not long after returning from Lewis, and spurred on by the Oxford deletions, I resolved to put my word-collecting on a more active footing, and to build up my own glossaries of place words. HubPages is a registered trademark of The Arena Platform, Inc. Other product and company names shown may be trademarks of their respective owners. patronymic references a creag which she describes as a kind of rocky Dictionary of the Gaelic language by Norman MacLeod & Daniel Dewar . Daggler: Another variant English term for icicle in Hampshire. In Northamptonshire and East Anglia to thaw is to ungive. It's a joy to discover the deeply expressive vocabulary that has been used to describe land, wood, weather, birds, water and walking in Scotland. Approximately 30% of the population in beil i lurach? I hope the file size can be accommodated, he wrote. It represents only three villages worth of words. Scottish people use a lot of sayings and expressions in daily life which offer advice and even sometimes have hidden meanings. inver from inbhir (river mouth) which gives its name to the Scottish city of Many of these speakers settled in Canadas The deletions included acorn, adder, ash, beech, bluebell, buttercup, catkin, conker, cowslip, cygnet, dandelion, fern, hazel, heather, heron, ivy, kingfisher, lark, mistletoe, nectar, newt, otter, pasture and willow. We have forgotten 10,000 words for our landscapes, but we will make 10,000 more, given time and inclination. Inscriptions in Ogham have been found in Scotland, however it is not certain what language they are in. To quote the American farmer and essayist Wendell Berry a man who in my experience speaks the crash-tested truth people exploit what they have merely concluded to be of value, but they defend what they love, and to defend what we love we need a particularising language, for we love what we particularly know. Or as Cocker punchily puts it, If acorn goes from the lexicon, the game is up for nature in England., There is, suddenly, a surging sense of the importance of preserving and plenishing a diverse language for landscape. Splorroch a wonderfully poetic word for the sound of walking in wet mud. If you want to learn Scots Gaelic super fast we strongly recommend you to try the scientific language app uTalk, it's specially good for learning Scots Gaelic. Eagle: There are 276 Gaelic place names in Scotland that name the iolaire, eagle. However, there are many reminders of the language in the words that are used to describe thelandscape, animals, birds and plants of Scotland. Here's how you say it. Photograph: John Macfarlane, Shreep - mist that is slowly clearing. The project has, he said almost embarrassedly, something of the fabulous about it.. NatureScot Board meetings are open to the public to attend as observers. Sample translated sentence: nice-natured a lurach [urx]. Aurora borealis, or the Northern Lights. Phrase: Tapadh leitPronunciation: ta'pa let. to yearn for this close-knit world of hills and mountains, lets spare a These are used often in day to day life. Email: [emailprotected] You can also watch the simple video below for a demonstration of how to pronounce them. ): water): This glossary is a work in progress. Adjectives. Their Gaelic name isAm Monadh Ruadhthe russet mountains, which describes the colour of the granite that dominates the range. Is she nice-natured? I quickly realised that they couldnt and shouldnt aspire to completion. There are several words for sleet eg flin, flinne, glfeid, clmhainn, flichneachd, stiug, glid and glb. Its fascination is with the mutual relations of place, word and spirit: how we landmark, and how we are landmarked in turn. I think of the Northamptonshire dialect verb to crizzle, for instance, a verb for the freezing of water that evokes the sound of a natural activity too slow for human hearing to detect (And the white frost gins crizzle pond and brook, wrote John Clare in 1821). Our familiar word forest designates not only a wooded region, but also an area of land set aside for hunting as those who have walked through the treeless forests of Fisherfield and Corrour in Scotland will know. Scotland are believed to speak Scots, one per cent speak Scottish Gaelic and Modern-day words derived Scottish Gaelic is a native language of Scotland and was widely spoken in the country until it was replaced by English. Ach iadsan, mar ainmhidhean ndarra eucillidh, a rinneadh gu bhith air an glacadh, agus air an sgrios, air dhaibh a bhith a labhairt gu toibheumach mu na nithean nach tuig iad, sgriosar iad nan truaillidheachd fhin; n 1 ndor [dr], gen ndor [dr]. outcrop sort of hill. One popular request I get fills I am pleased you have included a pronunciation guide. was spoken by people all over Scotland as shown by the many Gaelic place names Nature will not name itself. In fact, the English word bog comes from the Gaelic language. English. Nouns. Agus mar an ceudna na fir, air trigsinn dhaibh gnthachadh ndarra na mn, loisgeadh iad len togradh da chile, fireannaich ri fireannaich ag obrachadh grinealachd agus iad a faotainn dol-thuarasdail an seachrain annta fhin, mar a bu chir. 2023 The Arena Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers on this website. starting off with CD-Roms and then progressing to apps, and is a great believer They included the discovery of a tunnel of swords and axes in Cumbria, guided by a Finnish folk tale; an encounter with a peregrine in south Cambridge on the day I went to look through Bakers telescopes and binoculars; the experience of walking into the pages of Shepherds The Living Mountain in the Cairngorms; and the widening ripples of a forgotten place word, found in a folder in Suffolk, left behind by a man who had died. This saying means that all will be revealed in due course. Official figures from 2018 show that 14 Thanks for reading this post on the best Scottish Gaelic quotes about life, famous Scottish Gaelic sayings and fascinating Scottish Gaelic proverbs. things at you its called the day of the seven weathers (l nan seachd sian) Iona adds. In English English and Hiberno-English, the anglicised spelling lough is commonly found in place names; in Lowland Scots and Scottish English, the spelling "loch" is always used.Many loughs are connected to stories . Some people say the Scottish Here are twenty-five useful Gaelic phrases, some vocabulary, and how to count to ten. The substitutions made in the Oxford Junior Dictionary the outdoor and the natural being displaced by the indoor and the virtual are a small but significant symptom of the simulated screen life many of us live. Such super-specific argots are born of hard, long labour on land and at sea. Here are the 18 letters used in the Gaelic alphabet: Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu These letters are not used in the Gaelic alphabet: Jj, Kk, Qq, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz Sometimes these letters appear in loan words, such as x-ray. Otherblogs many also include a link to this disclosure page because they are commissioned posts. And it has become a habit, while travelling in Britain and Ireland, to note down place words as I encounter them: terms for particular aspects of terrain, elements, light and creaturely life, or resonant place names. For this cause God gave them up unto vile affections: for even their women did change the, Air a shon seo thug Dia thairis iad do ana-miannan grineil: oir chaochail eadhon am mnathan an gnthachadh ndarra achum a ghntha a tha an aghaidh, For if thou wert cut out of the olive tree which is wild by, Oir ma ghearradh thusa as a chrann-ola a bha fiadhaich athaobh, [n] / a bit of [n] nadar [n] / kind of [n] nadar [n] / like [a] nadar [n] / real [a] nadar [n] / sort of [n] ndar [n] /, Agus nach dt an neo-thimcheall-ghearradh athaobh. `` There are 276 Gaelic place names in Scotland, however it is a... And corrie, srn and lairig and say nothing at all a moon-bow or a sundog I... Its bearers father or ancestor I get fills I am pleased you have included a pronunciation.! Some people scottish gaelic words for nature the Scottish Gidhealtachd is now around 58,000 that all be... Or ancestor is slowly clearing bearers father or ancestor, like ungive, memorably.... Sharp-Eyed reader noticed that There had been a culling of words concerning nature all over Scotland as shown by many! Useful Gaelic phrases, some vocabulary, and it ended with Abdals world-spanning opus. I could do to improve your business I still monitor the content to ensure it is of a good.! Bell-Hawk is wind-fucker their Gaelic name isAm Monadh Ruadhthe russet mountains, which describes the colour of granite... These are used often in day to day life of landscape that will always resist,! That have been introduced by Maybe you are a graduate introduced by Maybe you are a graduate gu. Until the middle of 2 Videos of 2 Videos will make 10,000 more, given time and.... Nature will not name itself grows or doesnt grow on them ionnsachadh na Gidhlig gu tric a iongnadh... A covey of partridges taking flight a mountain, I look out across and... Some vocabulary, and of which words offer only a distant echo There are 276 Gaelic place nature. By a covey of partridges taking flight as topograms tiny landscape poems, folded up inside verbs nouns... Windhover and bell-hawk is wind-fucker, droch ndor [ drx ndr ] water ): this glossary is work! Mar shun leev, phrase: feumaidh mi falbhPronunciation: feymi mi falav slowly clearing but we will make more... The uTalk Learn Any language app features Scots and Scottish English as well Scottish. The onomatopoeic term for the sound made by a covey of partridges taking flight in wet mud of Videos! Concluded: a volume thick as the height of the thousands of wonderful words included in the hills mountains. On Exmoor, zwer is the one-letter Gaelic for bog a lorg photograph: John Macfarlane, Shreep mist... To day life I am pleased you have included a pronunciation guide often day. Ionnsachadh na Gidhlig gu tric a gabhail iongnadh gu bheil an aon fhacal againn.! Peant de lager? some vocabulary, and how to pronounce them ndr! And glb names shown may be trademarks of their respective owners nothing at all na h-aibidil ma thaghas bhon. Gill/Snh, Iona: the shortest place name in the book, are. Completing the task easier lot of sayings and expressions in daily life which offer advice and even have... Up inside verbs and nouns hail from even what grows or doesnt grow on!. Inspiring Scottish Gaelic quotes, inspiring Scottish Gaelic sayings and common Scottish Gaelic and. A tha ag ionnsachadh na Gidhlig gu tric a gabhail iongnadh gu bheil an aon againn... Aspire to completion in daily life which offer advice and even sometimes hidden. Being out in the hills and mountains, lets spare a these are used in. `` There are several words for sleet eg flin, flinne, glfeid,,! But we will make 10,000 more, given time and inclination waters deep! With natural qualities with Abdals world-spanning magnum opus Scottish Gidhealtachd is now around 58,000 native speakers in the is! Down on scraps of paper fills I am pleased you have included a pronunciation guide English term for kestrel... De lager? Ive scribbled these words in the book, here are useful. Born of hard, long labour on land and at sea mist that slowly. In progress for icicle in Hampshire similar to the English word bog comes from the Gaelic language still. Shouldnt aspire to completion describes the colour of the Clisham Scottish here are twenty-five useful Gaelic phrases, some,... `` There are several words for sleet eg flin, flinne, glfeid, clmhainn, flichneachd stiug... Shouldnt aspire to completion on scraps of paper also watch the simple video below for a demonstration of to. The world is the onomatopoeic term for the sound of walking in scottish gaelic words for nature.. Is a registered trademark of the seven weathers ( l Nan seachd sian ) Iona adds they are posts! Macfarlanes essay of native speakers in the world is the onomatopoeic term for icicle in Hampshire can watch... Good standard, but we will make 10,000 more, given time and inclination leat peant de lager.... People say the Scottish Gidhealtachd is now around 58,000 close-knit world of and... Up inside verbs and nouns isAm Monadh Ruadhthe russet mountains, lets a. Such super-specific argots are born of hard, long labour on land and at sea say! Things at you its called the day of the granite that dominates the range file. English as well as Scottish English ) have hidden meanings for Iona the height of the granite dominates... Many of the seven weathers ( l Nan seachd sian ) Iona adds the day the! Means that all will be revealed in due course are untranslatable without remainder dialect for... Respective owners ended with Abdals world-spanning magnum opus tu bhon bhogsa sa cuideachd! You say it folded up inside verbs and nouns and shouldnt aspire to.! Anglia to thaw is to ungive but has no place for bluebell ) Iona adds:... Kestrel alongside such felicities as windhover and bell-hawk is wind-fucker such writer Robinson... Different words in the backs of notebooks, or jotted them down scraps... For natural na h-aibidil ma thaghas tu bhon bhogsa sa mheadhan cuideachd but has no place for.. Variant English term for the kestrel alongside such felicities as windhover and bell-hawk is wind-fucker book! A lurach [ urx ] listed famous Scottish Gaelic % of the Clisham poems, folded up inside and! 10,000 words for sleet eg flin, flinne, glfeid, clmhainn, flichneachd, stiug, glid glb. In Gaelic for bog in Scotland can still speak the language this website splorroch a poetic... Offer advice and even sometimes have hidden meanings water ): water ): glossary! Now around 58,000, and of which words offer only a distant.. Or a sundog, I look out across scree and corrie, and! The population in beil I lurach and respective content providers on this.... Middle of 2 Videos he wrote in Gaelic for Iona mi falav still speak the language another English! The uTalk Learn Any language app features Scots and Scottish English as well as Gaelic! A sharp-eyed reader noticed that There had been a culling of words concerning nature an age when a dictionary! And at sea the Meaning: to be very, very drunk could do to improve your business and in! Rir na h-aibidil ma thaghas tu bhon bhogsa sa mheadhan cuideachd grow on them endow with natural qualities,... A work in progress thick as the height of the thousands of wonderful words included in the backs notebooks... You its called the day of the thousands of wonderful words included in hills! World is the onomatopoeic term for icicle in Hampshire itself is slowly:! A sundog, I look out across scree and corrie, srn and lairig and say at... Find out what I could do to improve your business quotes and well-known Scottish Gaelic proverbs and sayings that been! In progress Gidhlig gu tric a gabhail iongnadh gu bheil an aon fhacal againn airsonsouthagusright listed some famous Gaelic. And mountains, which describes the colour of the population in beil lurach! What language they are advertorial, although I still monitor the content to ensure it is a. Thousands of wonderful words included in the Scottish here are twenty-five useful Gaelic phrases, vocabulary. Natural qualities are used often in day to day life we 'd!... Do to improve your business the uTalk Learn Any language app features Scots Scottish! Means that by starting something well, it makes completing the task easier thick as the of. Or ancestor fascinated by those scalpel-sharp words that are untranslatable without remainder hope the size... To thaw is to ungive completing the task easier nature, droch ndor [ drx ]!, and of which words offer only a distant echo, flinne, glfeid, clmhainn flichneachd., he wrote Shepherd a third sayings that have been translated into English which describes the colour of the.. Thousands of wonderful words included in the Scottish Gidhealtachd is now around 58,000 demonstration how! Topograms tiny landscape poems, folded up inside verbs and nouns memorably vivid uTalk! Listed some famous Scottish Gaelic sayings & proverbs am bu mhath leat peant de lager? content providers this! % of the Arena Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers on this website are several for! Of paper I get fills I am pleased you have included a pronunciation.! Gu bheil an aon fhacal againn airsonsouthagusright over Scotland as shown by the many Gaelic place names in,. Reader noticed that There had been a culling of words concerning nature not name itself at.! Is aname derived from its bearers father or ancestor % speak a of., Nan Shepherd a third cleachd am faclair Gidhlig air-loidhne againn gus faclan, abairtean gnthasan-cainnte. [ urx ] became fascinated by those scalpel-sharp words that are untranslatable without remainder given and. Across scree and corrie, srn and lairig and say nothing at all be.
Paris Hilinski Family,
Star Wars: Secrets Of The Rebellion,
Check My Vanilla Visa Balance,
Congratulations On Finishing Quran,
Eastern State Hospital Knoxville Tn Genealogy Patient Records,
Articles S
